Difference between revisions of "Team:Paris Bettencourt/Design"

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<h2>Access</h2>
 
<h2>Access</h2>
  
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<div class="column-left" align="justify">A very important problem we wanted to tackle with our product, is the access people have to sources of vitamins. Indeed we researched what structures and programmes already existed in India, and found out it was a major issue.
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<div class="column-left" align="justify">An important problem we wanted to tackle with our product is the access Indian people have to sources of vitamins. Indeed, we researched what structures and programs already exist in India, and found that it was a major issue.
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<br>One of the most important governmental programme that exists in India since 1975 for vitamin supplementations is the Integrated Child Development Services programme (ICDS). This programme monitors growth and provides supplementary foods, as well as education and primary healthcare for children under six and pregnant and lactating mothers. The programme is implemented through a network of community-level <i>anganwadi</i> centers (AWC), which gives supplementary food daily in the center, as well as take-home rations. Those supplements include doses of vitamin A and tablets of iron and folic acid, in order to prevent xerophtalmia - which can lead to blindness - and anaemia.  
+
<br>One of the most important governmental programs for vitamin supplementation is the Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS) program, which has existed in India since 1975. This program monitors the growth and development of children, and provides supplementary nutrition as well as education and primary health care for children under six and pregnant and lactating mothers. The program is implemented through a network of community-level anganwadi centers (AWC), which provides daily supplements both in the center as well as through take-home rations. Those supplements include doses of vitamin A and tablets of iron and folic acid, in order to prevent xerophtalmia - which can lead to blindness - and anaemia.  
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<br>However, the National Family Health Survey (NFHS-3) held in 2005-2006 in India reports that only 28% of children received those supplements and healthcare even though 4/5 of children under six lived in a region covered by an <i>anganwadi</i> center. In the 6 months preceding the survey, only 1/4 of the children between 12-35 months were given vitamin A supplements - and in 9 states of India, this number falls to less than 20%. The access to ICDS was improved in the recent years though (2). A national survey held in 2013-14 says that 46% of children aged 6-59 months had received vitamin A doses.
+
<br>However, the National Family Health Survey (NFHS-3) held in 2005-2006 in India reports that only 28% of children received those supplements and health care even though 4/5 of children under six lived in a region covered by an <i>anganwadi</i>center. In the 6 months preceding the survey, only 1/4 of the children between 12-35 months were given vitamin A supplements - and in 9 Indian states, this number falls to less than 20%. The access to ICDS has been improved in recent years, however, although access is still far from being universal (2). According to a national survey held in 2013-14, 46% of children aged 6-59 months had received doses vitamin A.
 
<br>As for folic acid, the 2013-14 survey reports only 14% of children aged 6-59 months having received iron and folic acid supplements.
 
<br>As for folic acid, the 2013-14 survey reports only 14% of children aged 6-59 months having received iron and folic acid supplements.
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<br><br>Though the programme holds great promises and has implemented more than a million <i>anganwadi</i> centers, it is clear that people’s access to them is still very limited. People have to walk to the nearest center everyday if they want to receive the supplements, which is not convenient especially in rural areas. <font color="red">We could also talk about the corruption but I don’t want to judge without hard facts and sources…</font></div>
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<br><br>Though the program holds great promise and has implemented more than a million <i>anganwadi</i>centers, it is clear that people’s access to them is still very limited. People have to walk to the nearest center everyday if they want to receive the supplements, which is not convenient especially in rural areas.
  
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<div class="column-right" align="justify">This observation held a major role in our design of a product that can be grown at home, in every village or household. A culture of microorganisms doesn’t require an expensive infrastructure; in fact, most Indian families have already been growing microbial cultures that are several generations old by using a part of their daily yogurt as a starter for the fermentation of the next day’s yogurt. As we have shown <font color="red">(Célia’s part)</font>, a microbial culture can be grown on or in a very simple media like potato juice.
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<br>We believe that a culture of yeast and bacteria that can be grown at home and supplements fermented foods with vitamins could reach far more people than the <i>anganwadi</i>centers: those cultures would only need to be distributed once, which would not be very costly as the packages can be made to be very small and light and one culture would act as a starter culture for many more. In this way, the culture would be maintained in the home, without the need for people to travel long distances to have access to nutritional supplements.
  
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<div class="column-right" align="justify">This observation held a major role in our design of a product that can be grown at home, in every village or household. A culture of micro-organisms doesn’t require any expensive infrastructures; in fact, most indian families have already been growing microbial cultures that are several generations old, by keeping part of their yoghurt each time as a starter for the fermentation of more yoghurts. As we have shown above <font color="red">(Célia’s part)</font>, a microbial culture can be grown on very simple media like potato juice.
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<br><br>Our product is also more accessible in that it doesn't have the same geographic and climate constraints as cultures of rice or other crops. Contrary to Golden Rice, the rice developed by the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology and the University of Freiburg that biosynthesizes beta-carotene and can only be grown in environments with very high water availability, a microbial culture can be grown anywhere. Even though this summer we mostly focused on microbial cultures of fermented dishes composed of rice, microbes are used to ferment any kind of cereals as well as other foods. So our product can be adapted to a very wide range of fermented dishes, and could also be used by people who don’t eat rice.</div>
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<br>We believe that a culture of yeast and bacteria that can be grown at home and produces vitamins in the fermented dishes, could reach far more people than the <i>anganwadi</i> centers: those cultures would only need to be distributed once, which would not be very costly since we can make very small and light package, and one culture could be the starter of many more cultures; and then people would not need to go to a faraway center everyday to get vitamins.
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+
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<br><br>Our product is also more accessible in that it doesn't have the same geographic and climatic constraints than rice cultures. Contrary to Golden Rice, the rice developed by the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology and the University of Freiburg that biosynthesizes beta-carotene, which can only be grown in environments with very high water availability, a microbial culture can be grown anywhere. Even though this summer we mostly focused on microbial cultures of fermented dishes composed of rice, microbes are used to ferment any kind of cereals, as well as other foods. So our product can be adapted to a very wide range of fermented dishes, and could also be used by people who don’t eat rice.</div>
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Revision as of 13:41, 17 September 2015

Should I talk first about what the problem is (malnutrition in India), or will we talk about it somewhere else?

Introduction

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Manufacturing

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[Célia's part]

Distribution & (or?) Availability

Cost and time to create the strain (how would you call that?? Also, I need help to assess the cost and/or DALY)

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Access

An important problem we wanted to tackle with our product is the access Indian people have to sources of vitamins. Indeed, we researched what structures and programs already exist in India, and found that it was a major issue.
One of the most important governmental programs for vitamin supplementation is the Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS) program, which has existed in India since 1975. This program monitors the growth and development of children, and provides supplementary nutrition as well as education and primary health care for children under six and pregnant and lactating mothers. The program is implemented through a network of community-level anganwadi centers (AWC), which provides daily supplements both in the center as well as through take-home rations. Those supplements include doses of vitamin A and tablets of iron and folic acid, in order to prevent xerophtalmia - which can lead to blindness - and anaemia.
However, the National Family Health Survey (NFHS-3) held in 2005-2006 in India reports that only 28% of children received those supplements and health care even though 4/5 of children under six lived in a region covered by an anganwadicenter. In the 6 months preceding the survey, only 1/4 of the children between 12-35 months were given vitamin A supplements - and in 9 Indian states, this number falls to less than 20%. The access to ICDS has been improved in recent years, however, although access is still far from being universal (2). According to a national survey held in 2013-14, 46% of children aged 6-59 months had received doses vitamin A.
As for folic acid, the 2013-14 survey reports only 14% of children aged 6-59 months having received iron and folic acid supplements.

Though the program holds great promise and has implemented more than a million anganwadicenters, it is clear that people’s access to them is still very limited. People have to walk to the nearest center everyday if they want to receive the supplements, which is not convenient especially in rural areas.
This observation held a major role in our design of a product that can be grown at home, in every village or household. A culture of microorganisms doesn’t require an expensive infrastructure; in fact, most Indian families have already been growing microbial cultures that are several generations old by using a part of their daily yogurt as a starter for the fermentation of the next day’s yogurt. As we have shown (Célia’s part), a microbial culture can be grown on or in a very simple media like potato juice.
We believe that a culture of yeast and bacteria that can be grown at home and supplements fermented foods with vitamins could reach far more people than the anganwadicenters: those cultures would only need to be distributed once, which would not be very costly as the packages can be made to be very small and light and one culture would act as a starter culture for many more. In this way, the culture would be maintained in the home, without the need for people to travel long distances to have access to nutritional supplements.

Our product is also more accessible in that it doesn't have the same geographic and climate constraints as cultures of rice or other crops. Contrary to Golden Rice, the rice developed by the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology and the University of Freiburg that biosynthesizes beta-carotene and can only be grown in environments with very high water availability, a microbial culture can be grown anywhere. Even though this summer we mostly focused on microbial cultures of fermented dishes composed of rice, microbes are used to ferment any kind of cereals as well as other foods. So our product can be adapted to a very wide range of fermented dishes, and could also be used by people who don’t eat rice.

Acceptance

Why the idli?

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People's opinion

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[Abdou's data]

Taste & color

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An orthogonal GMO (is that even english??)

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Regulations & Safety

Strains' choice

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European regulations

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Indian regulations

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Final Product or Continuity

Someone else (Antoine ? <3) needs to fill that...

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Design

By talking about your design work on this page, there is one medal criterion that you can attempt to meet, and one award that you can apply for. If your team is going for a gold medal by building a functional prototype, you should tell us what you did on this page. If you are going for the Applied Design award, you should also complete this page and tell us what you did.

Note

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This is a prize for the team that has developed a synthetic biology product to solve a real world problem in the most elegant way. The students will have considered how well the product addresses the problem versus other potential solutions, how the product integrates or disrupts other products and processes, and how its lifecycle can more broadly impact our lives and environments in positive and negative ways.

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