Difference between revisions of "Team:Paris Bettencourt/Project/VitaminB12"

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<h2>Introduction</h2>
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<h1>Cobalamin or vitamin B12<h1><br>
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<p>Vitamin B12, or cobalamin, is a family of molecules that are involved in only two chemical reactions in humans.
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<br>
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However a cobalamin deficiency can lead to problems related to the nervous system and blood formation.  
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Cobalamin is a vitamin involved in the metabolism of every cell in the human body. It is needed for development and maintenance of the nervous system and brain. B12 vitamin is involved in DNA synthesis and regulation of the transcription. Only Bacteria and Archae are able to produce their own while animals. It is the largest and the most complex vitamin and it’s synthesis by organic chemistry required 91 post-doc and 23 Ph.D. students. <br>
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Diseases related to low blood levels of cobalamin include fatigue, depression, low red blood cells level and even sensory loss and infertility. <br>
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https://books.google.fr/books?id=b9ahvNjPFO8C&lpg=PA245&hl=fr&pg=PA246#v=onepage&q&f=false <br>
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http://www.bmj.com/content/349/bmj.g5226.long <br>
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</p>
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<p>
 
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Its production is extremely complicated. In the 60s and 70s, it took ten years and 72 steps for Woodward <i>et al.</i> and Eschemoser <i>et al.</i> to chemically synthesize it.<br>
 
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http://pac.iupac.org/publications/pac/pdf/1973/pdf/3301x0145.pdf <br>
 
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http://www.synarchive.com/syn/71<br>
 
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But this synthesis is costly and needs time.
 
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This is why cobalamin is produced by bacteria, the only living organisms that can produce it.
 
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</p>
 
  
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<img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2015/b/b6/Igemparisbettencourt2015Cobalamine531.png" width="500px">
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<br>
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Because no plants are producing this vitamin vegan and vegetarian populations are at risk of developing symptoms of the deficiency. Those symptoms are severe and in a lot of case irreversibles. Symptoms of B12 deficiency are including nerves and brain damages, fatigue, depression, poor memory, mania, psychosis and pernicious anemia, an anemic disease that is usually fatal if not treated. <br><br>
 
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<h2>Ideas</h2>
 
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<h3>Express the cobalamin biosynthesis pathway in <i>Lactobacillus plantarum</i></h3>
 
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<h3>Make <i>Lactobacillus reuteri</i> express a lot of cobalamin</h3>
 
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<h4>Metabolic engineering</h4>
 
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<h4>The pseudo-cobalamin problem</h4>
 
  
 
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<h2>Use <i>Propionibacterium freudenreichii</i></h2>
 
  
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<h2>Production of cobalamin with<i>Propionibacterium freudenreichii</i></h2>
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The pathway of production of the vitamin B12 is huge in terms of genetic material needed for the production of all the enzymes and such cloning is not likely to works during the igem time scale. This is why we tried o find a strain which is already used in the industry to produce B12.
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Among the over-producers strains used for cobalamin synthesis, <i>propionibacterium</i> was selected because it is widely used in cheese production (like emmental).
  
 
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<h2>Advices for other teams</h2>
 
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<hr>
 
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<h2>Conclusion</h2>
 
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<a href="http://goo.gl/jdOZ8M">Click here to see our solution!</a>
 
  
 
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Revision as of 12:41, 18 September 2015

Background

Aims

Results

Cobalamin (vitamin B12) deficiency is widely spread in India, due to diet that is mostly vegetarian. We aimed at introducing a high-level cobalamin producer to the rice batter. Tadaa.

I
Introduction
D
Design

Cobalamin or vitamin B12



Cobalamin is a vitamin involved in the metabolism of every cell in the human body. It is needed for development and maintenance of the nervous system and brain. B12 vitamin is involved in DNA synthesis and regulation of the transcription. Only Bacteria and Archae are able to produce their own while animals. It is the largest and the most complex vitamin and it’s synthesis by organic chemistry required 91 post-doc and 23 Ph.D. students.

Because no plants are producing this vitamin vegan and vegetarian populations are at risk of developing symptoms of the deficiency. Those symptoms are severe and in a lot of case irreversibles. Symptoms of B12 deficiency are including nerves and brain damages, fatigue, depression, poor memory, mania, psychosis and pernicious anemia, an anemic disease that is usually fatal if not treated.

Production of cobalamin withPropionibacterium freudenreichii

The pathway of production of the vitamin B12 is huge in terms of genetic material needed for the production of all the enzymes and such cloning is not likely to works during the igem time scale. This is why we tried o find a strain which is already used in the industry to produce B12. Among the over-producers strains used for cobalamin synthesis, propionibacterium was selected because it is widely used in cheese production (like emmental).