This page gives you an overview of all the materials required and the steps to construct a pump.

Materials Required :

For each Pump -

• M3 6 mm Screws - 6 pcs
• 3 mm inner diameter Washers - 9pcs
• M3 16 mm Screws - 4 pcs
• Ball Bearings - 5 pcs
• M3 Nut
• A4988 ^[1]
• MAX232 for the calibration circuit ^[2]

NEMA17

A NEMA 17 stepper motor has a 1.7 x 1.7 inch (43.2 x 43.2 mm) faceplate. It is larger and generally heavier than, for example, a NEMA 14, but this also means it has more room to put a higher torque. However, its size is not an indication of its power. In our project we use it to build a peristaltic pump. The idea was to be able to pump the medium into the bioreactor at rate as small as 1mL per hour and be smooth so as to not disturb the conditions inside the bioreactor.

3D structure

The 3D structure that we developed has five wing like protrusions coming out from the base which hold the ball bearings. The wings are used to press into the tube hence creating the required pressure to move the fluid. Two 3D-printed spring structures were designed with either single-sided or sandwich mountings for five ball bearings.

Stepper Driver

A4988 Stepper Driver.

Each pump is powered through a Stepper Driver A4988 ^[3] at up to 12 V / 1.7 A. This breakout board for Allegro’s A4988 microstepping bipolar stepper motor driver features adjustable current limiting, over-current and over-temperature protection, and five different microstep resolutions (down to 1/16-step). It operates from 8 V to 35 V and can deliver up to approximately 1 A per phase without a heat sink or forced air flow (it is rated for 2 A per coil with sufficient additional cooling). This stepper motor driver lets you control one bipolar stepper motor at up to 2 A output current per coil. The steppers used along with these drivers can increase or decrease the number of steps according to the following table :

Steps

MS1	MS2	MS3	Steps
0	0	0	Full
1	0	0	Half Steps
0	1	0	Quarter Steps
1	1	0	Eighth Step
1	1	1	Sixteenth Step

We have used the Full Step function for the Aeration pump and the half step function for the feed and the harvest pump.

Arduino

We use an Arduino Uno to control our pumps. Each pump is connected to the Arduino via the stepper driver.The digital ports are used to send simultanious 1 and zero or HIGH and LOW signals at our own specified time interval to control the pump. The Arduino Code can be found here:File:Aachen PumpProg.zip

Layers

As we have already introduced the concept of peristaltic pump and our 3D structure, the final step in acheiving the pressurised movement is by holding the tube inside a circular path. This is done by a series of plexiglass layers. In total we use 4 different peices of plexiglass layers, each having its own utility.

1. Base Layer : This is the lowest level. A NEMA 17 has a outward platform on its surface where the rotor starts. To compromise this we use a 2mm plexiglas layer.
2. Spacer Layer : An important layer which forms the base for the tube. The 3D print has a certain diameter and this layer also consists of a circular hole in the middle with the same diameter. This allows the 3D structure to sit at its place and still be surrounded by the spacer layer.
3. Pumping layer : The only layer made out of 5 mm thickness plexiglass. It creates a wall around the ball bearings screwed to the 3D print. This layer has a diameter which is slightly more than the diameter of the 3 D print to accomodate the tubes.
4. Top layer : Anything in pressure always pops out of the system. So we need a restriction layer. Our top layer does this trick by having a smaller diameter than the pumping layer.

All plexilgass Layers for the pumps can be found in the Download Library. File:Aachen Lasercutter files.zip

Construction Steps

	This is the 3D structure that is printed and fixed to the Axle of the motor.
	The ball bearings and other washers are then fixed to the legs using M3 screws.
	The Nema 17 is then used and the 3D structure is fixed to it.
	Your lid finally should look like this.
	The pump looks like this after all the structures are fixed.
	The squeezing action can be seen here. The ball bearings and the side layer produce the required amount of pressure to help push the liquid.

Circuit

We connect three digital pins from the Arduino to the STEP, DIRECTION and ENABLE pin of the Stepper Driver. The 5 Volts and the ground pin of the driver are also connected to the arduino. As the stepper required a higher voltage and a current through VDD, we use a 12 volt, 2 A supply and connect it across a capacitor to the driver. A Schematic of the circuit is given below:

Assembly video

Calibration Unit

After building a pump, we need to calibrate the system. To acheive correct results from a small scale bioreactor, it is necessary to control the flow in and out. Therefore controlling the pumps precisely becomes necessary. To solve this issue and get data points manageable to be used to define the flow of the pump that we just created, we add an extra circuit to help us read serial data. This is done so that we could connect the pump to a scale and let it flow through and increase the weight after every step. This weight indicates the amount of flow at an instant.

• Materials needed

1. MAX232
2. 5 1uF Capacitance
3. All other components for building the pump circuit

A MAX232 is used to convert the RS232 signals from the weighing scale into TTL logic usable by computer programs

We have a developed Application that helps us read the values from the weighing scale and transfer them to a log file. During this experiment it also displays and plots a curve. For further information about this application please visit our Software page. Pump Calibration

Files

• The required files for the 3D print : File:Aachen PumpRotors.zip
• The required files for lasercutting : File:Aachen Lasercutter files.zip

References